In 2019–20, state's GSDP was recorded at 9.07. In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average. Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010–11. 25.14% of its area is under forest cover. Rich in mineral resources, Madhya Pradesh has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. Madhya Pradesh ranks 23rd among Indian states in human development index. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the 10th-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹9.17 trillion (US$110 billion) and has the country's 26th highest per-capita income of ₹ 109372. This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was designated a separate state. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State. After India's independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. After the Anglo-Maratha Wars in the 19th century, the region was divided into several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency. The Maratha Empire dominated the majority of the 18th century.
Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avantika) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh ( / ˌ m ə d j ə p r ə ˈ d ɛ ʃ/, Hindi: ( listen) meaning 'central province') is a state in central India.
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